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# 安装

These instructions assume the software will run on a Linux-based host running a Klipper-compatible front end. It is recommended that a SBC(Small Board Computer) such as a Raspberry Pi or Debian-based Linux device be used as the host machine (see the FAQ for other options).

For the purposes of these instructions, host relates to the Linux device and mcu relates to the printer board. SBC relates to the term Small Board Computer such as the Raspberry Pi.

## 获取 Klipper 配置文件

大多数 Klipper 设置由“打印机配置文件”printer.cfg 决定，该文件将存储在主机上。通常可以通过在 Klipper config 目录 中查找以“printer-”前缀开头且与目标打印机相对应的文件来找到适当的配置文件。Klipper 配置文件包含安装过程中需要的有关打印机的技术信息。

如果 Klipper 配置目录中没有合适的打印机配置文件，请尝试搜索打印机制造商的网站，看看他们是否有合适的 Klipper 配置文件。

如果找不到打印机的配置文件，但可以找到打印机控制板的类型，则可以查找以“generic-”前缀开头的适当 配置文件。这些示例打印机模板文件应该足以成功完成初始安装，但需要进行一些自定义才能获得完整的打印机功能。

也可以从头开始定义一个新的打印机配置。然而，这需要关于打印机及其电子系统的大量技术知识。建议大多数用户从一个适当的配置文件开始。如果需要创建一个新的自定义打印机配置文件，那么可以先从最接近的配置文件的例子开始，并从 Klipper 配置参考文档了解进一步信息。

## 与 Klipper 交互

Klipper 是一个 3D 打印机固件，因此需要某种方式让用户与其进行交互。

目前最好的选择是通过 Moonraker web API 检索信息的前端，也可以选择使用 Octoprint 来控制 Klipper。

用户可自行选择使用哪种工具，但底层的 Klipper 在所有情况下都是相同的。我们鼓励用户研究可用的选项并做出明智的决定。

## 获取 SBC 的操作系统映像

There are many ways to obtain an OS image for Klipper for SBC use, most depend on what front end you wish to use. Some manufacturers of these SBC boards also provide their own Klipper-centric images.

The two main Moonraker-based front ends are Fluidd and Mainsail, the latter of which has a premade install image "MainsailOS", this has the option for Raspberry Pi and some OrangePi variants.

Fluidd 可以通过 KIAUH（Klipper 安装和更新助手）进行安装，如下所述，它是所有 Klipper 的第三方安装程序。

OctoPrint 可以通过流行的 OctoPi 镜像或通过 KIAUH 安装，此过程在 中有说明

## 通过 KIAUH 安装

Normally you would start with a base image for your SBC, RPiOS Lite for example, or in the case of an x86 Linux device, Ubuntu Server. Please note that Desktop variants are not recommended due to certain helper programs that can stop some Klipper functions from working and even mask access to some printer boards.

KIAUH can be used to install Klipper and its associated programs on a variety of Linux-based systems that run a form of Debian. More information can be found at https://github.com/dw-0/kiauh

## 构建和刷写微控制器

要编译微控制器代码，首先在主机设备上运行以下命令：

    cd ~/klipper/
    make menuconfig

打印机配置文件的顶部注释应该描述了"make menuconfig"期间需要设置的设置。在网络浏览器或文本编辑器中打开该文件，在文件顶部附近寻找这些说明。一旦适当的"menuconfig"设置被配置好了，按"Q"退出，然后按"Y"保存，运行：

    make

If the comments at the top of the printer configuration file describe custom steps for "flashing" the final image to the printer control board, then follow those steps and then proceed to configuring OctoPrint.

否则，通常采用以下步骤来"flash"打印机控制板。首先，需要确定连接到微控制器的串行端口。然后，运行以下程序：

    ls /dev/serial/by-id/*

它应该报告类似以下的内容：

    /dev/serial/by-id/usb-1a86_USB2.0-Serial-if00-port0

通常，每台打印机都有自己独特的串行端口名称。此唯一名称将在刷新微控制器时使用。上面的输出中可能有多行 - 如果是这样，请选择与微控制器相对应的行。如果列出了许多项目并且选择不明确，请拔下电路板并再次运行命令，缺少的项目将是您的打印板（有关更多信息，请参阅 FAQ）。

For common micro-controllers with STM32 or clone chips, LPC chips and others, it is usual that these need an initial Klipper flash via SD card.

When flashing with this method, it is important to make sure that the print board is not connected with USB to the host, due to some boards being able to feed power back to the board and stopping a flash from occurring.

对于使用 Atmega 芯片的常见微控制器，例如 2560，代码可以使用类似以下内容进行烧录：

    sudo service klipper stop
    make flash FLASH_DEVICE=/dev/serial/by-id/usb-1a86_USB2.0-Serial-if00-port0
    sudo service klipper start

请务必用打印机的唯一串行端口名称来更新 FLASH_DEVICE 参数。

对于使用 RP2040 芯片的常见微控制器，代码可以使用类似以下方式烧录：

    sudo service klipper stop
    make flash FLASH_DEVICE=first
    sudo service klipper start

It is important to note that RP2040 chips may need to be put into Boot mode before this operation.

## 配置 Klipper

The next step is to copy the printer configuration file to the host.

Arguably the easiest way to set the Klipper configuration file is using the built-in editors in Mainsail or Fluidd. These will allow the user to open the configuration examples and save them to be printer.cfg.

Another option is to use a desktop editor that supports editing files over the "scp" and/or "sftp" protocols. There are freely available tools that support this (eg, Notepad++, WinSCP, and Cyberduck). Load the printer config file in the editor and then save it as a file named "printer.cfg" in the home directory of the pi user (ie, /home/pi/printer.cfg).

Alternatively, one can also copy and edit the file directly on the host via SSH. That may look something like the following (be sure to update the command to use the appropriate printer config filename):

    cp ~/klipper/config/example-cartesian.cfg ~/printer.cfg
    nano ~/printer.cfg

通常每台打印机都有自己独特的微控制器名称。刷写Klipper后，名称可能会改变，所以即使在闪存时已经完成，也要重新运行这些步骤。运行：

    ls /dev/serial/by-id/*

它应该报告类似以下的内容：

    /dev/serial/by-id/usb-1a86_USB2.0-Serial-if00-port0

然后用这个唯一的名字更新配置文件。例如，更新`[mcu]`部分，类似于：

    [mcu]
    serial: /dev/serial/by-id/usb-1a86_USB2.0-Serial-if00-port0

After creating and editing the file, it will be necessary to issue a "restart" command in the command console to load the config. A "status" command will report that the printer is ready if the Klipper config file is successfully read and the micro-controller is successfully found and configured.

在定制打印机配置文件时，Klipper 报告配置错误是很正常的情况。如果发生错误，请对打印机配置文件进行必要的修正，并发出"restart"，直到"status"报告打印机已准备就绪。

Klipper reports error messages via the command console and pop-ups in Fluidd and Mainsail. The "status" command can be used to re-report error messages. A log is available and usually located at `~/printer_data/logs/klippy.log`.

在Klipper报告打印机已就绪后，继续进入配置检查文件，对配置文件中的定义进行一些基本检查。其他信息见主文档参考。

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